PART II. WEALTH - The Essentials of a State

Chapter. 90. Not Offending the Great

Kural - 892
If men will lead their lives reckless of great men's will,
Such life, through great men's powers, will bring perpetual ill.
To behave without respect for the great (rulers) will make them do (us) irremediable evils.

Kural - 893
Who ruin covet let them shut their ears, and do despite
To those who, where they list to ruin have the might.
If a person desires ruin, let him not listen to the righteous dictates of law, but commit crimes against those who are able to slay (other sovereigns).

Kural - 894
When powerless man 'gainst men of power will evil deeds essay,
Tis beck'ning with the hand for Death to seize them for its prey.
The weak doing evil to the strong is like beckoning Yama to come (and destroy them).

Kural - 895
Who dare the fiery wrath of monarchs dread,
Where'er they flee, are numbered with the dead.
Those who have incurred the wrath of a cruel and mighty potentate will not prosper wherever they may go.

Kural - 896
Though in the conflagration caught, he may escape from thence:
He 'scapes not who in life to great ones gives offence.
Though burnt by a fire (from a forest), one may perhaps live; (but) never will he live who has shown disrespect to the great (devotees).

Kural - 897
Though every royal gift, and stores of wealth your life should crown,
What are they, if the worthy men of mighty virtue frown?
If a king incurs the wrath of the righteous great, what will become of his government with its splendid auxiliaries and (all) its untold wealth ?

Kural - 898
If they, whose virtues like a mountain rise, are light esteemed;
They die from earth who, with their households, ever-during seemed.
If (the) hill-like (devotees) resolve on destruction, those who seemed to be everlasting will be destroyed root and branch from the earth.

Kural - 899
When blazes forth the wrath of men of lofty fame,
Kings even fall from high estate and perish in the flame.
If those of exalted vows burst in a rage, even (Indra) the king will suffer a sudden loss and be entirely ruined.

Kural - 900
Though all-surpassing wealth of aid the boast,
If men in glorious virtue great are wrath, they're lost.
Though in possession of numerous auxiliaries, they will perish who are-exposed to the wrath of the noble whose penance is boundless.

Chapter. 91. Being led by Women

Kural - 902
Who gives himself to love of wife, careless of noble name
His wealth will clothe him with o'erwhelming shame.
The wealth of him who, regardless (of his manliness), devotes himself to his wife's feminine nature will cause great shame (to ali men) and to himself;

Kural - 903
Who to his wife submits, his strange, unmanly mood
Will daily bring him shame among the good.
The frailty that stoops to a wife will always make (her husband) feel ashamed among the good.

Kural - 904
No glory crowns e'en manly actions wrought
By him who dreads his wife, nor gives the other world a thought.
The undertaking of one, who fears his wife and is therefore destitute of (bliss), will never be applauded.

Kural - 905
Who quakes before his wife will ever tremble too,
Good deeds to men of good deserts to do.
He that fears his wife will always be afraid of doing good deeds (even) to the good.

Kural - 906
Though, like the demi-gods, in bliss they dwell secure from harm,
Those have no dignity who fear the housewife's slender arm.
They that fear the bamboo-like shoulders of their wives will be destitute of manliness though they may flourish like the Gods.

Kural - 907
The dignity of modest womanhood excels
His manliness, obedient to a woman's law who dwells.
Even shame faced womanhood is more to be esteemed than the shameless manhood that performs the behests of a wife.

Kural - 908
Who to the will of her with beauteous brow their lives conform,
Aid not their friends in need, nor acts of charity perform.
Those who yield to the wishes of their wives will neither relieve the wants of (their) friends nor perform virtuous deeds.

Kural - 909
No virtuous deed, no seemly wealth, no pleasure, rests
With them who live obedient to their wives' behests.
From those who obey the commands of their wives are to be expected neither deeds of virtue, nor those of wealth nor (even) those of pleasure.

Kural - 910
Where pleasures of the mind, that dwell in realms of thought, abound,
Folly, that springs from overweening woman's love, is never found.
The foolishness that results from devotion to a wife will never be found in those who possess a reflecting mind and a prosperity (flowing) therefrom.

Chapter. 92. Wanton Women

Kural - 911
Those that choice armlets wear who seek not thee with love,
But seek thy wealth, their pleasant words will ruin prove.
The sweet words of elegant braceleted (prostitutes) who desire (a man) not from affection but from avarice, will cause sorrow.

Kural - 912
Who weigh the gain, and utter virtuous words with vicious heart,
Weighing such women's worth, from their society depart.
One must ascertain the character of the ill-natured women who after ascertaining the wealth (of a man) speak (as if they were) good natured-ones, and avoid intercourse (with them).

Kural - 913
As one in darkened room, some stranger corpse inarms,
Is he who seeks delight in mercenary women's charms!
The false embraces of wealth-loving women are like (hired men) embracing a strange corpse in a dark room.

Kural - 914
Their worthless charms, whose only weal is wealth of gain,
From touch of these the wise, who seek the wealth of grace, abstain.
The wise who seek the wealth of grace will not desire the base favours of those who regard wealth (and not pleasure) as (their) riches.

Kural - 915
From contact with their worthless charms, whose charms to all are free,
The men with sense of good and lofty wisdom blest will flee;
Those whose knowledge is made excellent by their (natural) sense will not covet the trffling delights of those whose favours are common (to all).

Kural - 916
From touch of those who worthless charms, with wanton arts, display,
The men who would their own true good maintain will turn away.
Those who would spread (the fame of) their own goodness will not desire the shoulders of those who rejoice in their accomplishments and bestow their despicable favours (on all who pay).

Kural - 917
Who cherish alien thoughts while folding in their feigned embrace,
These none approach save those devoid of virtue's grace.
Those who are destitute of a perfectly (reformed) mind will covet the shoulders of those who embrace (them) while their hearts covet other things.

Kural - 918
As demoness who lures to ruin woman's treacherous love
To men devoid of wisdom's searching power will prove.
The wise say that to such as are destitute of discerning sense the embraces of faithless women are (as ruinous as those of) the celestail female.

Kural - 919
The wanton's tender arm, with gleaming jewels decked,
Is hell, where sink degraded souls of men abject.
The delicate shoulders of prostitutes with excellent jewels are a hell into which are plunged the ignorant base.

Kural - 920
Women of double minds, strong drink, and dice; to these giv'n o'er,
Are those on whom the light of Fortune shines no more.
Treacherous women, liquor, and gambling are the associates of such as have forsaken by Fortune.

Chapter. 93. Not Drinking Palm-Wine

Kural - 922
Drink not inebriating draught. Let him count well the cost.
Who drinks, by drinking, all good men's esteem is lost.
Let no liquor be drunk; if it is desired, let it be drunk by those who care not for esteem of the great.

Kural - 923
The drunkard's joy is sorrow to his mother's eyes;
What must it be in presence of the truly wise?
Intoxication is painful even in the presence of (one's) mother; what will it not then be in that of the wise ?

Kural - 924
Shame, goodly maid, will turn her back for aye on them
Who sin the drunkard's grievous sin, that all condemn.
The fair maid of modesty will turn her back on those who are guilty of the great and abominable crime of drunkenness.

Kural - 925
With gift of goods who self-oblivion buys,
Is ignorant of all that man should prize.
To give money and purchase unconsciousness is the result of one's ignorance of (one's own actions).

Kural - 926
Sleepers are as the dead, no otherwise they seem;
Who drink intoxicating draughts, they poison quaff, we deem.
They that sleep resemble the deed; (likewise) they that drink are no other than poison-eaters.

Kural - 927
Who turn aside to drink, and droop their heavy eye,
Shall be their townsmen's jest, when they the fault espy.
Those who always intoxicate themselves by a private (indulgence in) drink; will have their secrets detected and laughed at by their fellow-townsmen.

Kural - 928
No more in secret drink, and then deny thy hidden fraud;
What in thy mind lies hid shall soon be known abroad.
Let (the drunkard) give up saying "I have never drunk"; (for) the moment (he drinks) he will simply betray his former attempt to conceal.

Kural - 929
Like him who, lamp in hand, would seek one sunk beneath the wave.
Is he who strives to sober drunken man with reasonings grave.
Reasoning with a drunkard is like going under water with a torch in search of a drowned man.

Kural - 930
When one, in sober interval, a drunken man espies,
Does he not think, 'Such is my folly in my revelries'?
When (a drunkard) who is sober sees one who is not, it looks as if he remembered not the evil effects of his (own) drink.

Chapter. 94. Gaming (Gambling)

Kural - 931
Seek not the gamester's play; though you should win,
Your gain is as the baited hook the fish takes in.
Though able to win, let not one desire gambling; (for) even what is won is like a fish swallowing the iron in fish-hook.

Kural - 932
Is there for gamblers, too, that gaining one a hundred lose, some way
That they may good obtain, and see a prosperous day?
Is there indeed a means of livelihood that can bestow happiness on gamblers who gain one and lose a hundred ?

Kural - 933
If prince unceasing speak of nought but play,
Treasure and revenue will pass from him away.
If the king is incessantly addicted to the rolling dice in the hope of gain, his wealth and the resources thereof will take their departure and fall into other's hands.

Kural - 934
Gaming brings many woes, and ruins fair renown;
Nothing to want brings men so surely down.
There is nothing else that brings (us) poverty like gambling which causes many a misery and destroys (one's) reputation.

Kural - 935
The dice, and gaming-hall, and gamester's art, they eager sought,
Thirsting for gain- the men in other days who came to nought.
Penniless are those who by reason of their attachment would never forsake gambling, the gambling-place and the handling (of dice).

Kural - 936
Gambling's Misfortune's other name: o'er whom she casts her veil,
They suffer grievous want, and sorrows sore bewail.
Those who are swallowed by the goddess called "gambling" will never have their hunger satisfied, but suffer the pangs of hell in the next world.

Kural - 937
Ancestral wealth and noble fame to ruin haste,
If men in gambler's halls their precious moments waste.
To waste time at the place of gambling will destroy inherited wealth and goodness of character.

Kural - 938
Gambling wastes wealth, to falsehood bends the soul: it drives away
All grace, and leaves the man to utter misery a prey.
Gambling destroys property, teaches falsehood, puts an end to benevolence, and brings in misery (here and hereafter).

Kural - 939
Clothes, wealth, food, praise, and learning, all depart
From him on gambler's gain who sets his heart.
The habit of gambling prevents the attainment of these five: clothing, wealth, food, fame and learning.

Kural - 940
Howe'er he lose, the gambler's heart is ever in the play;
E'en so the soul, despite its griefs, would live on earth alway.
As the gambler loves (his vice) the more he loses by it, so does the soul love (the body) the more it suffers through it.

Chapter. 95. Medicine

Kural - 942
No need of medicine to heal your body's pain,
If, what you ate before digested well, you eat again.
No medicine is necessary for him who eats after assuring (himself) that what he has (already) eaten has been digested.

Kural - 943
Who has a body gained may long the gift retain,
If, food digested well, in measure due he eat again.
If (one's food has been) digested let one eat with moderation; (for) that is the way to prolong the life of an embodied soul.

Kural - 944
Knowing the food digested well, when hunger prompteth thee,
With constant care, the viands choose that well agree.
(First) assure yourself that your food has been digested and never fail to eat, when very hungry, whatever is not disagreeable (to you).

Kural - 945
With self-denial take the well-selected meal;
So shall thy frame no sudden sickness feel.
There will be no disaster to one's life if one eats with moderation, food that is not disagreeable.

Kural - 946
On modest temperance as pleasures pure,
So pain attends the greedy epicure.
As pleasure dwells with him who eats moderately, so disease (dwells) with the glutton who eats voraciously.

Kural - 947
Who largely feeds, nor measure of the fire within maintains,
That thoughtless man shall feel unmeasured pains.
He will be afflicted with numberless diseases, who eats immoderately, ignorant (of the rules of health).

Kural - 948
Disease, its cause, what may abate the ill:
Let leech examine these, then use his skill.
Let the physician enquire into the (nature of the) disease, its cause and its method of cure and treat it faithfully according to (medical rule).

Kural - 949
The habitudes of patient and disease, the crises of the ill
These must the learned leech think over well, then use his skill.
The learned (physician) should ascertain the condition of his patient; the nature of his disease, and the season (of the year) and (then) proceed (with his treatment).

Kural - 950
For patient, leech, and remedies, and him who waits by patient's side,
The art of medicine must fourfold code of laws provide.
Medical science consists of four parts, viz., patient, physician, medicine and compounder; and each of these (again) contains four sub-divisions.